Cornelia de Lange Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) encompasses a spectrum of findings from mild to severe. Severe (classic) CdLS is characterized by distinctive facial features, growth restriction (prenatal onset; <5th centile throughout life), hypertrichosis, and upper-limb reduction defects that range from subtle phalangeal abnormalities to oligodactyly (missing digits). Craniofacial features include synophrys, highly arched and/or thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, short nasal bridge with anteverted nares, small widely spaced teeth, and microcephaly. Individuals with a milder phenotype have less severe growth, cognitive, and limb involvement, but often have facial features consistent with CdLS. Across the CdLS spectrum IQ ranges from below 30 to 102 (mean: 53). Many individuals demonstrate autistic and self-destructive tendencies. Other frequent findings include cardiac septal defects, gastrointestinal dysfunction, hearing loss, myopia, and cryptorchidism or hypoplastic genitalia.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome in diverse populations - Dowsett - 2019 - American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A - Wiley Online Library

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Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: insights into neural development from clinical studies and animal models - ScienceDirect

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De Lange Syndrome

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf

De Lange Syndrome

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Figure 2. [Four individuals with Emanuel syndrome]. - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf

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